Nginx on Debian

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About

Nginx is a software for web serving, reverse proxying, caching, load balancing, media streaming, and more. It started out as a web server designed for maximum performance and stability. In addition to its HTTP server capabilities, NGINX can also function as a proxy server for email (IMAP, POP3, and SMTP) and a reverse proxy and load balancer for HTTP, TCP, and UDP servers.

MIRI Infotech is configuring and publishing NGINX embedded pre-configured tool with ready-to-launch AMI on Debian 10  that contains NGINX, MySQL and PHP.

The goal behind NGINX was to create the fastest web server around, and maintaining that excellence is still a central goal of the project. NGINX consistently beats Apache and other servers in benchmarks measuring web server performance. Since the original release of NGINX however, websites have expanded from simple HTML pages to dynamic, multifaceted content. NGINX has grown along with it and now supports all the components of the modern Web, including WebSocket, HTTP/2, and streaming of multiple video formats (HDS, HLS, RTMP, and others).

Basic HTTP server features

  • Serving static and index files, autoindexing; open file descriptor cache;
  • Accelerated reverse proxying with caching; load balancing and fault tolerance;
  • Accelerated support with caching of FastCGI, uwsgi, SCGI, and memcached servers; load balancing and fault tolerance;
  • Modular architecture. Filters include gzipping, byte ranges, chunked responses, XSLT, SSI, and image transformation filter. Multiple SSI inclusions within a single page can be processed in parallel if they are handled by proxied or FastCGI/uwsgi/SCGI servers;
  • SSL and TLS SNI support;
  • Support for HTTP/2 with weighted and dependency-based prioritization.

Other HTTP server Features

  • Name-based and IP-based virtual servers;
  • Keep-alive and pipelined connections support;
  • Access log formats, buffered log writing, fast log rotation, and syslog logging;
  • 3xx-5xx error codes redirection;
  • The rewrite module: URI changing using regular expressions;
  • Executing different functions depending on the client address;
  • Access control based on client IP address, by password (HTTP Basic authentication) and by the result of subrequest;
  • Validation of HTTP referer;
  • The PUT, DELETE, MKCOL, COPY, and MOVE methods;
  • FLV and MP4 streaming;
  • Response rate limiting;
  • Limiting the number of simultaneous connections or requests coming from one address;
  • IP-based geolocation;
  • A/B testing;
  • Request mirroring;
  • Embedded Perl;
  • nginScript.

Mail proxy server features

  • User redirection to IMAP or POP3 server using an external HTTP authentication server;
  • User authentication using an external HTTP authentication server and connection redirection to an internal SMTP server;
  • Authentication methods:
  • POP3: USER/PASS, APOP, AUTH LOGIN/PLAIN/CRAM-MD5;
  • IMAP: LOGIN, AUTH LOGIN/PLAIN/CRAM-MD5;
  • SMTP: AUTH LOGIN/PLAIN/CRAM-MD5;
  • SSL support;
  • STARTTLS and STLS support.

TCP/UDP proxy server features

  • Generic proxying of TCP and UDP;
  • SSL and TLS SNI support for TCP;
  • Load balancing and fault tolerance;
  • Access control based on client address;
  • Executing different functions depending on the client address;
  • Limiting the number of simultaneous connections coming from one address;
  • Access log formats, buffered log writing, fast log rotation, and syslog logging;
  • IP-based geolocation;
  • A/B testing;
  • nginScript.

Architecture and scalability

  • One master and several worker processes; worker processes run under an unprivileged user;
  • Flexible configuration;
  • Reconfiguration and upgrade of an executable without interruption of the client servicing;
  • Support for kqueue (FreeBSD 4.1+), epoll (Linux 2.6+), /dev/poll (Solaris 7 11/99+), event ports (Solaris 10), select, and poll;
  • The support of the various kqueue features including EV_CLEAR, EV_DISABLE (to temporarily disable events), NOTE_LOWAT, EV_EOF, number of available data, error codes;
  • The support of various epoll features including EPOLLRDHUP (Linux 2.6.17+, glibc 2.8+) and EPOLLEXCLUSIVE (Linux 4.5+, glibc 2.24+);
  • sendfile (FreeBSD 3.1+, Linux 2.2+, macOS 10.5+), sendfile64 (Linux 2.4.21+), and sendfilev (Solaris 8 7/01+) support;
  • File AIO (FreeBSD 4.3+, Linux 2.6.22+);
  • DIRECTIO (FreeBSD 4.4+, Linux 2.4+, Solaris 2.6+, macOS);
  • Accept-filters (FreeBSD 4.1+, NetBSD 5.0+) and TCP_DEFER_ACCEPT (Linux 2.4+) support;
  • 10,000 inactive HTTP keep-alive connections take about 2.5M memory;
  • Data copy operations are kept to a minimum.

You can subscribe Nginx to an AWS Marketplace product and launch an instance from the Nginx product’s AMI using the Amazon EC2 launch wizard.

To launch an instance from the AWS Marketplace using the launch wizard

  • Open the Amazon EC2 console at https://console.aws.amazon.com/ec2/
  • From the Amazon EC2 dashboard, choose Launch Instance. On the Choose an Amazon Machine Image (AMI) page, choose the AWS Marketplace category on the left. Find a suitable AMI by browsing the categories, or using the search functionality. Choose Select to choose your product.
  • A dialog displays an overview of the product you’ve selected. You can view the pricing information, as well as any other information that the vendor has provided. When you’re ready, choose Continue.
  • On the Choose an Instance Type page, select the hardware configuration and size of the instance to launch. When you’re done, choose Next: Configure Instance Details.
  • On the next pages of the wizard, you can configure your instance, add storage, and add tags. For more information about the different options you can configure, see Launching an Instance. Choose Next until you reach the Configure Security Group page.
  • The wizard creates a new security group according to the vendor’s specifications for the product. The security group may include rules that allow all IP addresses (0.0.0.0/0) access on SSH (port 22) on Linux or RDP (port 3389) on Windows. We recommend that you adjust these rules to allow only a specific address or range of addresses to access your instance over those ports
  • When you are ready, choose Review and Launch.
  • On the Review Instance Launch page, check the details of the AMI from which you’re about to launch the instance, as well as the other configuration details you set up in the wizard. When you’re ready, choose Launch to select or create a key pair, and launch your instance.
  • Depending on the product you’ve subscribed to, the instance may take a few minutes or more to launch. You are first subscribed to the product before your instance can launch. If there are any problems with your credit card details, you will be asked to update your account details. When the launch confirmation page displays.

Usage/Deployment Instruction

Open the URL: http://<instance ip address>

<instance ip address> : IP address of the running EC2 instance.

Step 1: Fill the primary authentication form with the following details –

Username: root

Password: <instanceID>

Step 2: installation complete.

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    Amazon EC2 allows you to set up and configure everything about your instances from your operating system up to your applications. An Amazon Machine Image (AMI) is simply a packaged-up environment that includes all the necessary bits to set up and boot your instance. Your AMIs are your unit of deployment. You might have just one AMI or you might compose your system out of several building block AMIs (e.g., webservers, appservers, and databases). Amazon EC2 provides a number of tools to make creating an AMI easy. Once you create a custom AMI, you will need to bundle it. If you are bundling an image with a root device backed by Amazon EBS, you can simply use the bundle command in the AWS Management Console. If you are bundling an image with a boot partition on the instance store, then you will need to use the AMI Tools to upload it to Amazon S3. Amazon EC2 uses Amazon EBS and Amazon S3 to provide reliable, scalable storage of your AMIs so that we can boot them when you ask us to do so.

    Or, if you want, you don’t have to set up your own AMI from scratch. You can choose from a number of globally available AMIs that provide useful instances. For example, if you just want a simple Linux server, you can choose one of the standard Linux distribution AMIs.

    Traditional hosting services generally provide a pre-configured resource for a fixed amount of time and at a predetermined cost. Amazon EC2 differs fundamentally in the flexibility, control and significant cost savings it offers developers, allowing them to treat Amazon EC2 as their own personal data center with the benefit of Amazon.com’s robust infrastructure.

    When computing requirements unexpectedly change (up or down), Amazon EC2 can instantly respond, meaning that developers have the ability to control how many resources are in use at any given point in time. In contrast, traditional hosting services generally provide a fixed number of resources for a fixed amount of time, meaning that users have a limited ability to easily respond when their usage is rapidly changing, unpredictable, or is known to experience large peaks at various intervals.

    Secondly, many hosting services don’t provide full control over the compute resources being provided. Using Amazon EC2, developers can choose not only to initiate or shut down instances at any time, they can completely customize the configuration of their instances to suit their needs – and change it at any time. Most hosting services cater more towards groups of users with similar system requirements, and so offer limited ability to change these.

    Finally, with Amazon EC2 developers enjoy the benefit of paying only for their actual resource consumption – and at very low rates. Most hosting services require users to pay a fixed, up-front fee irrespective of their actual computing power used, and so users risk overbuying resources to compensate for the inability to quickly scale up resources within a short time frame.

    No. You do not need an Elastic IP address for all your instances. By default, every instance comes with a private IP address and an internet routable public IP address. The private address is associated exclusively with the instance and is only returned to Amazon EC2 when the instance is stopped or terminated. The public address is associated exclusively with the instance until it is stopped, terminated or replaced with an Elastic IP address. These IP addresses should be adequate for many applications where you do not need a long lived internet routable end point. Compute clusters, web crawling, and backend services are all examples of applications that typically do not require Elastic IP addresses.

    You have complete control over the visibility of your systems. The Amazon EC2 security systems allow you to place your running instances into arbitrary groups of your choice. Using the web services interface, you can then specify which groups may communicate with which other groups, and also which IP subnets on the Internet may talk to which groups. This allows you to control access to your instances in our highly dynamic environment. Of course, you should also secure your instance as you would any other server.

    Highlights

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      Accelerates Content and Application Delivery

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      High Security Level

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      Highly Scalable to counter heavy traffic

    Application Installed

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    • icon linux
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